underpinningn.
英 'ʌndəpɪnɪŋ | 美 ,ʌndɚ'pɪnɪŋ
中文n. 基础，基础材料；[矿业] 支柱，支承结构；支撑
词根词源
underpinning (n.)late 15c., "action of supporting or strengthening from beneath," from under + present participle of pin (v.). Figurative sense of "prop, support" is recorded from 1580s.
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